Changing the Frame of Reference

Transformative learning approaches mainly focus on adult education, where we can adjust our learning and act of thinking with new information. Whenever the experience cannot be accommodated in our frame of reference, Mezirow triggered such experiences should be either rejected or the existing frame of reference should be transformed to assimilate it (Anand, 2020).

Based on Jack Mezirow's (1991, 1995, 1996) change process reference, learning approaches got a new track of transformative learning. Mezirow argues adults have acquired a coherent body of experiences, concepts, values, feelings, conditioned responses, and frame of reference that defines their life world (Mezirow and Associates, 1990). The frame of reference describes our status quo through which we think, show conditioned responses, and where our beliefs exist. Changing frame of reference refers to the knowledge shift or imposing new information and knowledge over existing knowledge. It can be termed transformative learning if we adjust to obtain new information.